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Chmod numbers vs letters This manual page documents the GNU version of chmod Up to this point, we've been setting the mode with letters You really only need to memorize 1, 2 and 4 (if there were more options would then go to Read (r), write (w), execute (or access for directories) (x), execute only if the file is a directory or already has execute permission for some user (X), set The NUMBER can be a 3 or 4digits number When 3 digits number is used, the first digit represents the permissions of the file's owner, the second one the file's group, and the last one all other users Each write, read, and execute permissions have the following number value r (read) = 4; chmod R or *page Numerical Shorthand Another way to use chmod is to provide the permissions you wish to give to the owner, group, and others as a threedigit number The leftmost digit represents the permissions for the owner The middle digit represents the permissions for the group members The rightmost digit repres